# 诊断工具 ## curl `curl` 命令是一个从服务器传输数据，或者向服务器传输数据的工具，支持多种协议：DICT、FILE、FTP、FTPS、GOPHER、HTTP、HTTPS、IMAP、IMAPS、LDAP、LDAPS、MQTT、POP3、POP3S、RTMP、RTMPS、RTSP、SCP、SFTP、SMB、SMBS、SMTP、SMTPS、TELNET、TFTP。`curl` 命令被设计成无需用户交互即可工作的。 更多信息请见 [curl(1) — Linux manual page](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/curl.1.html)。 ```bash ubuntu:~$ curl https://httpbin.org/get { "args": {}, "headers": { "Accept": "*/*", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "curl/7.58.0", "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-629c984a-2e1c3936379071cc3f9b3fc4" }, "origin": "121.5.122.78", "url": "https://httpbin.org/get" } ubuntu:~$ curl -X POST -d 'name=hello' https://httpbin.org/post { "args": {}, "data": "", "files": {}, "form": { "name": "hello" }, "headers": { "Accept": "*/*", "Content-Length": "10", "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "curl/7.58.0", "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-629c98c0-64e567ec62638cda249d4ed5" }, "json": null, "origin": "121.5.122.78", "url": "https://httpbin.org/post" } ``` ## 查看 ip 信息 ```bash ubuntu:~$ curl -L cip.cc IP : 60.12.1.178 地址 : 中国 浙江 杭州 运营商 : 联通 数据二 : 浙江省杭州市 | 联通 数据三 : 中国浙江省杭州市 | 联通 URL : http://www.cip.cc/60.12.1.178 ubuntu:~$ ubuntu:~$ curl -L ipinfo.io { "ip": "60.12.1.178", "city": "Hangzhou", "region": "Zhejiang", "country": "CN", "loc": "30.2936,120.1614", "org": "AS4837 CHINA UNICOM China169 Backbone", "timezone": "Asia/Shanghai", "readme": "https://ipinfo.io/missingauth" } ``` ## ss `ss` 命令被用于输出 Linux 套接字的统计信息。它显示的信息与 `netstat` 命令类似，并且可以显示更多的 Tcp 和状态信息。 更多信息请见 [ss(8) — Linux manual page](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/ss.8.html)。 ```bash ubuntu:~$ sudo ss -lntp State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* users:(("nginx",pid=10113,fd=12),("nginx",pid=1184,fd=12)) LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.53%lo:53 0.0.0.0:* users:(("systemd-resolve",pid=943,fd=13)) LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* users:(("sshd",pid=1094,fd=3)) LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:* users:(("nginx",pid=10113,fd=11),("nginx",pid=1184,fd=11)) LISTEN 0 128 *:9100 *:* users:(("node_exporter",pid=1042,fd=3)) LISTEN 0 128 *:1200 *:* users:(("frps",pid=1071,fd=9)) LISTEN 0 128 *:8080 *:* users:(("frps",pid=1071,fd=8)) LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:* users:(("nginx",pid=10113,fd=13),("nginx",pid=1184,fd=13)) LISTEN 0 100 *:1234 *:* users:(("java",pid=3640,fd=21)) LISTEN 0 128 *:8088 *:* users:(("node",pid=2249,fd=18)) LISTEN 0 128 *:7000 *:* users:(("frps",pid=1071,fd=3)) LISTEN 0 128 *:9508 *:* users:(("frps",pid=1071,fd=10)) ``` ## nslookup `nslookup`（Name Server Lookup）命令用来从 DNS 中查询域名对应的 ip 地址和其它 DNS 记录信息。 ```bash ubuntu:~$ nslookup 3.cn Server: 127.0.0.53 Address: 127.0.0.53#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: 3.cn Address: 106.39.164.153 Name: 3.cn Address: 111.13.28.27 ``` ## ping `ping` 命令用来测试数据包能否通过 IP 网络发送到目标主机。 `ping` 命令的运行原理是向目标主机发送 [ICMP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol) 协议的 ECHO\_REQUEST 数据包，等待接收响应的 ECHO\_RESPONSE 数据包，然后按响应时间和成功次数估算丢包率和延时。 ```bash ubuntu:~$ ping 3.cn -t 4 PING 3.cn (106.39.164.153): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 106.39.164.153: icmp_seq=0 ttl=50 time=39.883 ms 64 bytes from 106.39.164.153: icmp_seq=1 ttl=50 time=43.923 ms 64 bytes from 106.39.164.153: icmp_seq=2 ttl=50 time=39.428 ms 64 bytes from 106.39.164.153: icmp_seq=3 ttl=50 time=47.891 ms --- 3.cn ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0.0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 39.428/42.781/47.891/3.430 ms ``` ## traceroute `traceroute` 命令用来显示数据包在 IP 网络上发送到目标主机的路由信息。 更多信息请见 [traceroute(8) — Linux manual page](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/traceroute.8.html)。 ## tcptraceroute `tcptraceroute` 命令的效果等同于 `traceroute -T` 命令。 ## mtr `mtr` 命令是一个将 `traceroute` 和 `ping` 功能结合在一起的网络诊断工具。 更多信息请见 [MTR 官方文档](https://www.bitwizard.nl/mtr/)。 ```bash My traceroute [v0.95] ubuntu (172.19.159.133) -> 121.5.122.78 (121.5.122.78)2023-07-28T16:54:42+0800 Keys: Help Display mode Restart statistics Order of fields quit Packets Pings Host Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev 1. 172.19.159.254 0.0% 14 3.4 53.7 3.4 272.2 72.9 2. (waiting for reply) 3. 60.12.1.177 0.0% 14 4.8 15.7 4.8 115.1 28.8 4. 101.68.76.73 0.0% 14 5.0 12.2 4.1 33.1 10.7 5. 124.160.233.157 64.3% 14 6.0 50.0 4.7 226.7 98.8 6. 219.158.114.145 92.3% 14 159.2 159.2 159.2 159.2 0.0 7. (waiting for reply) 8. 220.196.197.162 30.8% 14 79.5 81.5 12.5 219.5 65.4 9. (waiting for reply) 10. (waiting for reply) 11. (waiting for reply) 12. (waiting for reply) 13. 121.5.122.78 0.0% 13 81.6 84.3 15.2 358.9 86.7 ``` ## tcpdump `tcpdump` 命令会打印经过网卡的数据包。 `tcpdump -i eth0 -w dump.pcapng` 命令表示把经过 `eth0` 网卡上的数据包保存到 `dump.pcapng` 文件中，后续可以使用 [Wireshark](https://www.wireshark.org) 打开该文件来分析记录网络数据包。 更多信息请见 [tcpdump(1) — Linux manual page](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/tcpdump.1.html)。 ## iperf3 `iperf3` 是一种压测 IP 网络中最大带宽的工具。 `iperf3` 支持调整时序、协议、缓冲区等等相关的各种参数，对于每个测试用例，它都会输出包含吞吐量 / 比特率、丢失等等参数的测试结果。 ```bash ubuntu:~$ iperf3 -s -p 5201 -f Mbits ----------------------------------------------------------- Server listening on 5201 ----------------------------------------------------------- Accepted connection from 192.168.0.67, port 63981 [  5] local 192.168.0.102 port 5201 connected to 192.168.0.67 port 63982 [  8] local 192.168.0.102 port 5201 connected to 192.168.0.67 port 63983 [ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate [  5]   0.00-1.00   sec  35.3 MBytes  35.3 MBytes/sec [  8]   0.00-1.00   sec  37.8 MBytes  37.8 MBytes/sec [SUM]   0.00-1.00   sec  73.2 MBytes  73.2 MBytes/sec - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [  5]   1.00-2.00   sec  44.2 MBytes  44.2 MBytes/sec [  8]   1.00-2.00   sec  44.5 MBytes  44.5 MBytes/sec [SUM]   1.00-2.00   sec  88.7 MBytes  88.7 MBytes/sec - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [  5]   2.00-3.00   sec  45.2 MBytes  45.2 MBytes/sec [  8]   2.00-3.00   sec  47.1 MBytes  47.1 MBytes/sec [SUM]   2.00-3.00   sec  92.3 MBytes  92.3 MBytes/sec - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [  5]   3.00-3.02   sec   584 KBytes  37.4 MBytes/sec [  8]   3.00-3.02   sec   588 KBytes  37.7 MBytes/sec [SUM]   3.00-3.02   sec  1.14 MBytes  75.2 MBytes/sec - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate [  5]   0.00-3.02   sec   125 MBytes  41.6 MBytes/sec                  receiver [  8]   0.00-3.02   sec   130 MBytes  43.1 MBytes/sec                  receiver [SUM]   0.00-3.02   sec   255 MBytes  84.7 MBytes/sec                  receiver ``` ```bash ubuntu:~$ iperf3 -c 192.168.0.102 -p 5201 -t 3 -P 2 Connecting to host 192.168.0.102, port 5201 [  7] local 192.168.0.67 port 63982 connected to 192.168.0.102 port 5201 [  9] local 192.168.0.67 port 63983 connected to 192.168.0.102 port 5201 [ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr  Cwnd          RTT [  7]   0.00-1.00   sec  38.2 MBytes   320 Mbits/sec    0   2.18 MBytes   57ms [  9]   0.00-1.00   sec  40.6 MBytes   341 Mbits/sec    0   3.00 MBytes   87ms [SUM]   0.00-1.00   sec  78.8 MBytes   661 Mbits/sec    0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [  7]   1.00-2.00   sec  43.9 MBytes   368 Mbits/sec    0   2.20 MBytes   59ms [  9]   1.00-2.00   sec  43.9 MBytes   368 Mbits/sec    0   2.67 MBytes   63ms [SUM]   1.00-2.00   sec  87.9 MBytes   736 Mbits/sec    0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [  7]   2.00-3.00   sec  45.7 MBytes   383 Mbits/sec    0   2.19 MBytes   48ms [  9]   2.00-3.00   sec  48.5 MBytes   408 Mbits/sec    0   2.03 MBytes   38ms [SUM]   2.00-3.00   sec  94.2 MBytes   791 Mbits/sec    0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr [  7]   0.00-3.00   sec   128 MBytes   357 Mbits/sec    0             sender [  7]   0.00-3.02   sec   125 MBytes   349 Mbits/sec                  receiver [  9]   0.00-3.00   sec   133 MBytes   372 Mbits/sec    0             sender [  9]   0.00-3.02   sec   130 MBytes   362 Mbits/sec                  receiver [SUM]   0.00-3.00   sec   261 MBytes   729 Mbits/sec    0             sender [SUM]   0.00-3.02   sec   255 MBytes   710 Mbits/sec                  receiver iperf Done. ``` --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://gitbook.fantasticmao.cn/tech/wang-luo-xie-yi/zhen-duan-gong-ju.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.